Tuesday, November 17, 2015

Literature Review

 William Ogilvie

English 102

Prof. Sonia Apgar Begert

Literature Review


            The topic that I am researching is “Global Human Overpopulation”. The basic purpose of this research project is to determine our current status, analyze contributing factors, solutions, and looking forward into the future. We will explore data, reasoning, ethics, and much more to find out why we are asking this question. Also, I shall be finding conclusive definitions for the terms that we commonly use(such as the real meaning of “Overpopulation”). It should be mentioned that this basic outline within this intro does not encompass all of my research and findings. I shall explore my topic in five sections, in which I will summarize my research as it stands now. These five sections form what I would call a rough design for how I will do my final document. Not to mention sources that I 
may drop in lieu of something stronger.


            I would first like to make a point about the main issue being discussed. The effects of “Overpopulation”, as quoted from the Institute for Population Studies, are “…shortages of all our resources, war and social conflict, limits on personal freedom, overcrowding and the health and survival of other species”. This immediately catches my attention, especially since this isn’t only an issue in a 3rd world country, but something happening in our own nation today. I’ll specific examples, and cite statistics about the USA, and I’ll even talk about our own community(Seattle area). I will be providing data for reference from the US Census and compare those numbers with the historical data from Index Mundi to show the growth from significant points in American history. Also, I’ll use the document from the United Nations titled World Population to 2300, of which predicts future population trends. I’ll use the data from that to create a timeline that will show the reader that this issue is close to home. The journal that Jie Zong, and Jeanne Batalova wrote titled Frequently Requested Statistics on immigrants and immigration in the United States will provide me with additional information about population growth that isn’t from birth. They say that our current largest growth is from immigration. One question that will be binding all of these topics together will be a simple question: Can the earth continue to sustain us as we grow?


            Since we just covered the basis of what overpopulation is, we need to now look at how we stand currently. It will be here that I reference the World Factbook from the CIA, and talk about the current countries that are the highest in growth, population count, poverty, economy and so on. I will look at the current condition of said countries and present findings that I find peculiar and enlightening. I will also reference each country’s history with facts that flesh out the backstory of how matters came to be. The source I’ll be using for the historical backgrounds is the web resource from the Annenberg Learner Foundation called World Population growth through history. Another good complimentary source would be from Our World in Data, a web publication authored by Max Roser. The first source I listed will give me information about population solely, while the later source will allow me to look at religion, politics, war, and etc. Much of this information will also be supported by charts and graphs that are featured from Our World in Data.


            In the previous section I would have made several points about issues plaguing not only these high density nations, but also every other country as well. In this section I would focus on these issues themselves, and how they came to be. I will be referencing the World Health Organization, United Nations, and The Hunger Project. Such subjects would include hunger, where food is grown, what is hindering agriculture. How accessible is water, how clean it is, what are the leading causes of shortages. Poverty, what is the definition of true poverty, distribution of wealth, average living conditions. Areas of conflict, places previously ravaged by war, future conflict zones. Disease, what is curable and not curable, why certain diseases spread. I will also be talking about the plethora of aid services that are combatting these ailment. I would like to capitalize on recent events to write about the influx of immigrants from Syria. I think this is a fantastic example of what happens when a large group suddenly merges with another nation’s population.


            Regardless of how much people are on this planet, it would be a pointless argument if this planet were to become uninhabitable. I’m referring to climate change, and the overall outlook of the future. I will cover pollution, emissions, and  Nasa has many visuals regarding the changing climate, like shrinking ice caps, expansion of deserts, water rising and water vanishing, and that’s only naming a few. A journal that I will be referring to quite a bit will be the one written by Charles J. Vörösmarty, and other respective authors, which is about global water resources. It is a well known fact that our supply of fresh water is constantly under threat, with many different factors to blame. The recent water shortage in California will be my “close to home” example of the dangers of a water shortage. Another interesting topic I will be talking about will be the Antarctic ice sheet. In previous years we have heard the doom and gloom about it shrinking. However, Nasa reported on the 6th of Nov. that the ice sheet is gaining much more than it is losing. It is changes like this that I hope to shed light on, so that my reader may be educated on new findings and not be misled by old statements.



            In my last section I will focus on the consumer. Between the Washington State University, and World Energy Council, I have data that shows how the world uses its resources, who is consuming the most, and what is being used most. I will make comparisons of how the average American consumes goods, comparing that to what would be a sustainable lifestyle, but also with those who are impoverished. The data from the World Energy Council shows how much each country currently uses, and it is that data that I will use to do these comparisons. While change needs to start with the individual, I will also bring up the matter of how corporations and manufacturers are burning through oil and other resources. 

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